MINERVA

As technology continues to lead society’s future, computers in the classroom are a common sight. From elementary grades throughout graduate school, schools are granting approval for the use of computers in the classroom. Each school is different regarding the use and frequency of computers in school and there are debates regarding the benefits and the risks. Whether schools allow students to have individual computers or allow time in computer labs, one thing is certain: more children are using computers in their off-school hours and are becoming proficient in modern technology. For those who have used computers in the classroom, the benefits are unquestionable. More teachers are finding the connection with computers one that enhances and benefits students’ learning and expands knowledge; however, teachers must supervise all computer use in order to achieve the greatest educational benefits. Children and teens should never have free access to surf websites unsupervised in the classroo...

Erikson's stages of psycho-social development is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and one's ecological and cultural upbringing. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. The outcome of one stage is not permanent and can be modified by later experiences. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and socio-cultural forces. Each stage is characterized by...

Students who are confrontational or non-compliant frequently have poor academic skills, a low sense of self-efficacy as learners, and a very negative attitude toward school. Misbehavior often stems from academic deficits. Educators who work with these behaviorally challenging learners, however, often make the mistake of overlooking simple academic strategies that have been shown to shape student behavior in powerful and positive ways . Here are ten research-based ideas on academic management that no teacher of difficult-to-manage students should be without! 1. Be sure that assigned work is not too easy and not too difficult.  It is surprising how often classroom behavior problems occur simply because students find the assigned work too difficult or too easy. When assignments are too simple, the student may become bored and distracted. When work is too hard, the student is likely to feel frustrated and upset because he or she cannot complete the assignment. As a significant m...

How to Set Consistent Expectations to Improve Student Behavior What are Student Behavior Expectations? Behavior expectations are procedures and rules that are taught to students to encourage positive behaviors and prevent problem behaviors. They form important building blocks for a positive school culture. These expectations can address how students treat each other and the teacher, and how they operate in the classroom. They can also address how students behave outside of the classroom, such as in the cafeteria, playground, quad, library, hallways, restrooms, bus, and more. Why Setting Consistent Expections is the Key to Success For maximum benefit, behavior expectations should be consistent from classroom to classroom and teacher to teacher — just like your academic standards. With consistent expectations, students know what’s expected of them throughout the school day. This allows them to feel more confident, engaged and connected to the school community. It...

Classroom arrangement is one of the key decisions that teachers need to make when they begin a new teaching year. A few of the items that need to be decided include where to place the teacher desk, how to place the student desks, and whether or not to use seating charts Arrangements are shown below

A computer is a crucial component of the academic success of a student. Whether it is a laptop or a desktop, a computer offers a unique platform to gain the most up-to-date information and to analyze the use of that information for school projects. Additionally, computers help students grow accustomed to writing professional material, like resumes when preparing for the workforce. Organization Taking notes in class is often one of the major problems for high school and university students. Teachers often overwhelm with pages of information during class lectures, causing students to rush their penmanship and jot down words full of errors accidentally. Laptops can provide a better understanding of class lectures, keeping up with the pace of note taking. Even if a student does not own a laptop, it is best to edit and restructure notes on a desktop at home, since it can help in preparing easier and more efficient ways to study for tests later on. Fewer Burdens Lap...

As technology continues to lead society’s future, computers in the classroom are a common sight. From elementary grades throughout graduate school, schools are granting approval for the use of computers in the classroom. Each school is different regarding the use and frequency of computers in school and there are debates regarding the benefits and the risks. Whether schools allow students to have individual computers or allow time in computer labs, one thing is certain: more children are using computers in their off-school hours and are becoming proficient in modern technology. For those who have used computers in the classroom, the benefits are unquestionable. More teachers are finding the connection with computers one that enhances and benefits students’ learning and expands knowledge; however, teachers must supervise all computer use in order to achieve the greatest educational benefits. Children and teens should never have free access to surf websites unsupervised in the classroom...

In 1960 the world’s first fully automated mobile telephone was introduced in Sweden. The system allowed for automated connection from a rotary handset (that’s the circular dialing knob to me and you) mounted within a car, but required an operator to forward calls. The system was known as Mobile Telephone system A (MTA) and was replaced by MTB two years later. In this interim period there were several other solutions including the arrival of Motorola on the scene in 1959 and Bulgarian and Russian (then USSR) solutions sprouted up too. It wasn’t until 1971 when the ARP network was introduced to Finland that the world’s first successful commercial network was launched. The system relied on cars, began as half-duplex but soon evolved and had over 35,000 subscribers by 1986. Dr Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive made the first phone call from a handheld mobile phone on April 3, 1973. This ushered in a new dawn of communication. Analog Cellular Networks or “1G” ...

The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He desig ned the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on. Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of time,and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer. First generation : 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. Whe...

Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state and local. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. India has made progress in terms of increasing the primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately three-quarters of the population in the 7–10 age group, by 2011. India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to its economic development.Much of the progress, especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. While enrollment in higher education has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching a Gross Enrollment Ratio of 24% in 2013, there still remains a significant distance to catch up...

BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIA India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE. In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. ...